In the last post I finally started telling the story of how I got into this whole “Ancestral Movement” thing in the first place. In the next few posts I plan to go through some of the many ancestral patterns of movement and behaviour which I am exploring in my movement, meditation, and skill acquisition practices.

Today I want to talk about wrestling. Partly because I’m obsessed with wrestling at the moment, and partly because it’s going to be a bit easier and less academic.

Let’s begin with this:

If you haven’t seen it before, watch a bit to get a feel for it, then when you’re ready skip forward to about 4:20 and you get to see a kangaroo strangle another one until it passes out, using what’s called a “rear naked choke” in Brazilian Jujitsu.

Maybe I should have started with a less violent video. How about this one?

Ahh that’s better! A lot less brutal, even though there’s a lot more biting going on, it’s pretty clear that they’re not trying to kill each other. That’s a good start. Wrestling! We (humans) have these traditions, in just about every culture across the world, of semi-competitive semi-cooperative “fighting”, according to some sort of rule set which reduces the chance of serious injury, with combative techniques which could be used to kill.

As with all of the other examples of what I call “ancestral movement”, it’s something that all children do, without being taught:

Rafe Kelley, who does some wonderful parkour and seems to be branching out into even more interesting stuff, recently wrote a great piece on “Roughhousing”, which I totally recommend, and which contained the fantastic catch-phrase for children “less ritalin, more wrestling”.

When it comes to “natural movement” for a human being, wrestling is right up there with crawling, walking, and eating. Kids do it naturally, and through it they learn many essential life skills – purely physical skills like balance, coordination, strength, stability, falling and getting up, breathing under pressure, three-dimensional or spatial problem solving, dealing with pain. But also social and emotional skills like competition/cooperation, how to deal with dominance and aggression (in oneself or another person), how hurt feelings arise (in self and others) and how to deal with them. Think about the skills required: every part of your body is moving through space in all three planes, turning and going upside down, under constantly changing unpredictable pressure from another moving body, with emotions, thoughts and strategies and which is also trying to get you, and with which you have a relationship. These aren’t small things, they are fundamental, which is why all kids wrestle, unless they are prevented from doing so by the adults around them.

Wrestling is also massively therapeutic! For myself, I can say for sure that wrestling is far more helpful than any motivational, self-help talk or psychobabble. It’s right up there with meditation. Kind of like really vigorous hugs, but also a safe environment where (if you have good training partners) you can go more or less all-out without fear of getting injured. I might get moody or frustrated or confused about life, but an hour on the mats or even a few minutes with a willing friend and I come back into my body and feel infinitely better, every single time. I’ve spent years practicing traditional martial arts and I love them still. My daily and weekly practice is still very much influenced by the traditional arts that I’ve studied for most of my life, but unfortunately most of those arts have degenerated to the point that there is simply not enough concrete, competitive or semi-competitive physical feedback. This inevitably leads to weird forms of passive-aggression, where everyone is busy imagining themselves using their ultra-deadly elite skills to defeat all opponents, including their classmates, but without ever actually testing them. Then when it comes to physical play they feel intensely humiliated because the deadly skills don’t work exactly as advertised: physical play is inherently messy and unpredictable so techniques are rarely picture-perfect. So then people become even more afraid of even engaging in physical play in the first place, and think they need to spend even more time in solo training, developing the really, really deadly skills. I spent years in these kinds of headspaces. For myself I am very glad that I was able to learn some Judo as a kid, a little boxing and Muay Thai in my teens, and lots of Capoeira Angola in my adult years. All arts with plenty of straight up physical and spatial interaction.

So obviouslytaking up freestyle wrestling and Brazilian Jujitsu (after first rehabilitating my many lingering injuries) has been a wonderful experience. Lots of physical contact. Far less ego. Lots of hard, extremely satisfying work. Massive improvements in my Tai Chi, Xingyi, Bagua, and even Capoeira. Huge discoveries of deep, inherent, primal movement patterns.

Wrestling traditions are ancient and appear on every continent, with some variation present in many, most, or possibly even all societies. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling:

According to a friend of mine who runs a facebook page dedicated to all sorts of wrestling worldwide, the picture above, from an Egyptian tomb dated to 2000 BC, was analyzed by a group of modern wrestlers who found that all of the techniques depicted in this 4000 year old mural are still practiced today.

China:

Greece:

All over Africa (read here for a great long piece from the African Wrestling Federation of Australia, describing African wrestling traditions)

In Australia, New Zealand, and all over the Pacific

Let’s just paste the list from the wikipedia page on Folk wrestling:

A folk wrestling style is any traditional style of wrestling, which may or may not be codified as a modern sport. Most cultures have developed regional forms of grappling.

Contents

• 1 List of folk wrestling styles
  • 1.1 Europe
    • 1.1.1 British Isles
      • 1.1.1.1 North Country styles
      • 1.1.1.2 West Country styles
      • 1.1.1.3 Ireland
    • 1.1.2 Nordic countries
    • 1.1.3 Continental Europe
  • 1.2 Asia
    • 1.2.1 Near East
    • 1.2.2 Central Asia
    • 1.2.3 South Asia
      • 1.2.3.1 South Asian subcontinent
      • 1.2.3.2 Indochina and other Southeastern countries
    • 1.2.4 East Asia
      • 1.2.4.1 China and related ethnicities
      • 1.2.4.2 Other countries
  • 1.3 Americas
  • 1.4 Africa
  • 1.5 Oceania

 

So it certainly seems like there is some sort of wrestling going on everywhere.

At a workshop I attended recently, Ido Portal referred to a fantastic point made by Frank Forencich (of “Exuberant Animal“) that play is older than humanity.

Play is “human nature”, but is much older than humanity. Wrestling is a form of “play fighting”. A kind of physical interaction which develops essential life skills and physical traits in a way which is as safe as possible, and which we have thus evolved to find inherently rewarding – just like eating, sex, moving around, climbing, exploring new places and novel activities, or cooperating and socializing with others.

But how old is wrestling? If we look for examples in species still alive today, we get all sorts of examples of what can broadly speaking be termed “wrestling behaviour”. There’s some sort of continuum with “pure play” at one end, and “pure fighting, with the intent to murder” at the other:

Some good schooling going on here:

Whereas in other species it may not be so friendly:

Two worms fight for position.

So we’ve got primates, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, cephalopods, crustaceans, insects, and worms. That’s a pretty clear sign that the evolutionary origins of wrestling behaviour are ridiculously ancient.

What’s really interesting, to make this even less abstract, is that the fundamental movement patterns are the same across so many species. In the previous post I mentioned the whole world of mouth directed movement patterns displayed by all creatures with a head. In all forms of wrestling positional dominance is of key importance.

The basic principle involves the head: if one side manages to get their body positioned and aligned such that the head, spine and legs can drive through the opponent’s body with the force of the whole torso, they have a huge advantage in terms of biomechanics, muscle recruitment and use of the limbs (whatever limbs they have), which allows them better leverage to unbalance and move their opponent easily while the opponent is much less able to move them. This principle remains true for wrestling (and actual fighting) behaviour in all of the other species shown above and it has everything to do with mouth directed movement, since this dominant head position is also what allows one participant to bite the other while ideally simultaneously preventing the opponent from biting.

So there you go. Wrestling. It’s great. Everyone does it, I seriously wonder if it’s somehow present in every culture and every species. Maybe in every species of creature which has a head. Once again, the more familiar your body is with these movements, the more it will respond when it sees those movements in the outside world. As with all of the other ancestral movements, when we observe it in other creatures – the ape, the eel, the parrot, the lizard, the beetle, the worm – we get clear feelings in our own body of recognition, that I also know this, I do this, and enjoy it, this is in me, a part of what I am. I am related to this this creature, to all of these creatures. The growing sense of kinship! Being able to relate not just to the apes but even to our beetle brethren through the felt sense of our own bodies, because they too know the joy of wrestling. It’s a nice feeling.

Sometimes I think I’m pretty weird, but I still reckon that, 155 years after Charles Darwin published “On the Origin of Species”, the true implications of his theory are only just beginning to sink in.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GveQ9BUTzY

This post is taking me a long time. It’s a huge topic, and every time I start I seem to get
bogged down in the details. Let’s see if I can tell the story just to get the ball rolling, and then get back into the science of it all in later posts. That’s how it’s gone for me anyway: embodied practice has led me to some pretty strange and interesting places, which I’ve then had to follow up with years of study and thought to try to make sense of it all. It’s very much a work in progress.

 

After years of practicing and teaching martial, movement, healing and meditative arts from around the world, I’ve recently started teaching “natural movement”. That is, exploring all sorts of movement and awareness practices within the context of biological evolution, culture and ecology. When I had to do a quick write-up for our Facebook group, I wrote this:

““NATURAL MOVEMENT!” Strength, mobility, agility of the whole body and each individual part. Freedom of movement in every direction from every position: lying down, sitting, kneeling squatting all-fours and standing. Every possible variation of rolling, crawling, squatting, walking running jumping climbing balancing lifting throwing and wrestling! Incorporating concepts and methods from any and every culture and tradition, including Yoga, Pilates, Feldenkrais, Qigong, Capoeira, Chinese Japanese and Russian martial arts, dance, Movnat, Parkour and the Methode Naturelle, oldschool strength training, Monkey Gym and gymnastics. An ongoing exploration of human ancestry through MOVEMENT in different environments.”

So that gives some idea of what we mean by “natural” movement. It’s fun.

What then, do I mean by “ancestral” movement, and why do I emphasize it, why is that the name of the blog and not the facebook group?

To begin with, “natural” seems more accessible to people at first. Everyone wants to be more “natural”, and the thought of getting better at climbing and running and balancing has at least some appeal to just about everyone. “Ancestral” though? That’s starting to sound a bit weird, a bit suss, a bit “who cares?” and “what’s the point”-ey.

As I said in the write-up: what I’m working on is an exploration of human ancestry, through movement, in different environments. This is actually becoming trendy, believe it or not, with the growth of Crossfit, the “paleo diet”, “ancestral health” symposiums, barefoot running and so on, people are finally beginning to realize that when it comes to health, fitness, movement and all that, evolution/ancestry isn’t just a useful context it’s actually the only context which makes sense.

The problem is, most people’s concept of “ancestry” is far, far too limited. “Paleo” is shorthand for “Paleolithic” ie the “old stone age” – a period spanning something like 2 million years – when ancient humans or proto-humans were making and using stone tools, running around foraging and hunting and either living lives which were nasty brutish and short or – depending on who you listen to or which books you like to read – living lives that were full of abundance, radiant good health, loads of great sex (including awesome group sex and even awesome psychedelic group sex) and non-stop good times. Sweet! No problem so far, I like preparing for an imagined apocalypse as much as anyone, love giving props to my ice-age-surviving ancestors, and often find the ramblings of Terrence McKenna to be insightful and highly entertaining.

But why, when thinking about the ancestral origins of human behaviour and culture, do people so often stop at some arbitrary point in the paleolithic period? What about all that happened before?

I went through this myself, of course. During my teenage years I called my own personal philosophy “Ape-ism”, the central tenet of which was that all human behaviour and social problems could be explained with the phrase “we’re just a bunch of fucking apes”. I began to feel and see all the parts of myself and everyone around me which were “ape” – the way we sat, walked, climbed, scratched, the way we made appropriate mouth-noises and postured in social situations. I read Desmond Morris. I studied biology, anthropology, archaeology, sociology, history, religion. I practiced meditation, yoga, capoeira, jujitsu, tai chi. I dived into Buddhism, then Daoism, discovering whole cultures of thousands of practitioners devoted to seeking “naturalness”. I started extrapolating from my physical training certain qualities of fluidity and springiness which I called “monkey body”.

I had formative experiences where I felt myself equivalent to a little dog, some sort of French Poodle or some such thing, with a stupid haircut and wearing a little outfit, completely dependent and full of neuroses which doesn’t even know that it’s a dog. Descended from wolves, a domesticated creature with no concept of what it is or where it comes from. I had others where I envisioned what a “true human” was like, or could be like, or might have been like in the past: agile and strong right to the tips of the fingers and toes and teeth like a tiger-monkey, completely switched-on animal senses able to read and interpret the many languages of the natural world, yet also with uniquely human “yogic” abilities like perfected concentration, spatial awareness expanding to infinity, empathy with and compassion for all creatures, things like that.

My whole “Ape-ist” philosophy got blown open though when I started having weird experiences of what at the time I could only describe as “tapeworm consciousness”: the discovery of a kind of awareness and a whole suite of movement patterns contained in the tube starting from my lips and teeth and extending through my insides to my anus and genitals, which didn’t know or care about this “Simon” character or anyone else, but which lived inside me and cared only about food and sex. It happened the first time as I was kissing someone who I was very much in love with, and it freaked the hell out of me. But, being who I am, I also thought “wow there’s a part of me which is still some sort of worm this is SO COOL!”

I was no longer just an ape. I was more. So much more. The discovery of the “tapeworm” shook me right up, made me reconsider: what else might be in there, hidden away in the darkness of my body, suppressed by culture? I realized that it was no coincidence that the writhing and undulating movements of the body’s central axis which I’d associated with the inner worm are completely and utterly forbidden in our society, only acceptable during sex, away from the public eye, just as it is forbidden to bounce or roll or crawl or climb a tree in a public space, or even to freely move the arms in the air anywhere above shoulder height.

In our society, MOVING LIKE AN ANIMAL IS NOT OK.

BUT, most cultures seem to contain practices of animal mimicry. I began to wonder about the evolutionary origins of movement, looking into the similarities between the types of movements present during the developmental process in humans and the movements of different animals. Swimming, crawling, walking, running. Reaching, grasping, biting, chewing. Squatting, jumping. Visual scanning. Climbing, chasing, sneaking. Wrestling and hide-and-seek. Posture, gesture. Shouting, screaming, squealing.

I went back to school to study more anatomy and physiology, biomechanics, psychology and basic biochemistry, while I continued to read everything I could about evolution, ecology, anthropology, complexity or systems theory, and neuroscience. I got in the habit of noticing similar patterns in different species of organisms: patterns of structure, of physiology, of movement and of behaviour. My old pondering “isn’t it interesting that almost all animals have heads” evolved into “isn’t it interesting that almost all animals have heads, and that they (or rather crucially: we) all seem to display common patterns of mouth-directed movement“.

I spent days one summer quietly following a monitor lizard around in the forest, feeling clearly for the first time that the undulating spine and alternating contralateral-diagonal stepping patterns in it’s crawling pattern were the same as those in my walking and swimming, and that this made perfect sense since my ancestors were lizards. Not just a head with its eyes and ears and mouth and nose, a neck and a spine, but hips and shoulders, elbows and knees, wrists and ankles, fingers and toes. Most of the fundamental patterns of my own body structure were present in that lizard, which, to me, meant that I was in many fundamental ways still a lizard.

It was around this time that my ideas crystallized into something coherent: “Ancestral Movement”. Diverse practices from cultures around the world began to make sense: Yoga, animal mimicry, spinal undulations, Capoeira, Chinese martial arts, Daoist and shamanic worldviews, totem animals, ancestor worship, shapeshifting. I finally started to discover other people doing similar work, and coming to similar conclusions. Moshe Feldenkrais, Rhizome Lee, Bonnie Bainbridge Cohen, Emilie Conrad, John A. Appleton. People from completely different backgrounds who, through long practice of mindful exploration of their own bodies’ feelings and movements, discovered exactly the same thing as me: that each of us carries the entire history of our ancestry inside us, from our primate heritage stretching back through our reptilian and amphibian past to when our family were fish and worms and then all the way back to when our ancestors were communities of single cells, wrapped in semi-permeable membranes, floating in the ancient oceans. That our individuality is an illusion. That our bodies are billions of years old. It’s all a bit epic, and quite a long way from our usual conception of human life as being somehow “mundane”.

Recent work in neuroscience seems to support many of my ideas:

Neuroplasticity – the brain changes to get better at what we do with it, depending especially on where we habitually focus our attention.

“Bodymaps” – we feel ourselves through many interconnected “maps” in our brains representing our bodies, which change depending on how we feel and use our bodies.

Interoception – a person’s sense of the autonomic processes occurring inside their body (blood pressure, heart rate, strength of heart contractions, blood flow to different areas) correlates to their awareness of their changing emotional state.

(“How do you feel?” Lecture by neuroanatomist Bud Craig. Or a journal article on the same topic. Bud Craig’s work is AMAZING.)

Mirror neurons and empathy – we feel the movements of others as if they are occurring in our own bodies. The clarity and intensity of those feelings depends upon the clarity and detail of our own body awareness. Our felt sense of others’ emotional states depends upon the clarity and detail of our own interoceptive sense: better feeling of one’s own heartbeat correlates to greater empathic sense of and response to the emotional states of other people.

Body awareness, interoception and empathy are plastic: they can be developed (or atrophy) through practice, and there is no clear limit to this process.

So this then is the point of this work: each part of ourselves (structural or behavioural) that we feel, we then see in the outside world as well. Becoming aware of the inner tapeworm and mouth directed movement in my own body led directly, immediately to the felt awareness of the fact that all of the other creatures around me – human, mammal, reptile, bird, fish, insect, worm – are also essentially mobile, reproducing digestive systems. Every time I see them I feel the parts of myself which are the same as them. This is very different to an intellectual “understanding” – it is a felt sense, an activation of completely different brain areas devoted to the actual sensations in the body parts themselves, “knowing” through the body, rather than the rational, analytical mind.

A feeling that the body is made of cells containing water, wrapped in permeable membranes, shrinking and expanding. The same basic pattern which is present in absolutely all living things on our planet.

A digestive tube with a mouth, ass and sex organs. Teeth and tongue.

Focusing attention inside to the point that the body is felt as a network of pulsating tubes of liquid, leads to the felt understanding that even plants are our relatives, we are family, literally.

 

A central nervous system, brain and spinal cord.

Segmented body structure. A vertebral column. Undulations.

Four limbs. Claws for climbing and digging.

When I look now at a worm, I see my family, I feel those parts of myself at the very center of my being which are identical in pattern to the worm. When I look at a frog, I see a being not distantly related but so closely related as to be almost identical.

Well that was all a bit personal, but it’s a start.

 

 

 

 

 

Here are some links:

The Center for Nonverbal Studies

Robert Sapolsky’s “Human Behavioural Biology” course at Stanford University;

Relevant interviews from Ginger Campbell’s amazing Brain Science Podcasts: Bodymaps: “The body has a mind of it’s own”, and part 2. One with Norman Doidge, author of “The brain that changes itself” on neuroplasticity. Here’s one on mirror neurons, and one on the origin of emotions.

Bonnie Bainbridge-Cohen’s School of Bodymind Centering (BMC), Emilie Conrad’s Continuum Movement, Rhizome Lee’s Subbody Butoh

“Postulating that our neurological models for
musculoskeletal support, movement, and emotional expression
come from archetypal forms in early organisms.” – An introductory article on Postural Release Imagery, by (Alexander Technique practitioner) John A. Appleton, and his facebook page.